Roots 1722–

老梅園/老梅院茶室

老梅園(盛岡市保護庭園)/老梅院茶室(盛岡市景観重要建造物)

Roubaien — a garden and teahouse with over three centuries of history.

所在 Location
岩手県盛岡市 / Morioka, Iwate, Japan
竣工 Completed
江戸時代後期(推定) / Late Edo period (est.)
構造 Structure
木造平屋、屋根瓦葺一部鉄板板葺、壁漆喰塗(柱顕し)
Single-story timber; tile roof w/ partial sheet-metal; plaster walls (exposed pillars)
延床面積 Floor area
88 ㎡
敷地面積 Site area
2,235.63 ㎡


老梅園/老梅院茶室
老梅院茶室 / Roubaiin Teahouse

Chapter 01

歴史的考察A Historical Study

Roubaien — home to the oldest and most storied garden and teahouse in Morioka — was given some 260 years ago, in Kyōhō 7 (1722), by Toshimoto, the 32nd lord of the Nanbu clan, as a place of retirement for the priest Ippiko Beiso, ninth abbot of Shōju-ji, the Nanbu family's ancestral temple, upon his retirement.
The garden is laid out in the hōrai style, with crane and turtle stones set about the waterfall basin and pond, covering roughly 800 tsubo. (Note 1)
The teahouse, called "Zangetsu-seki," spans about 100 tsubo and is modeled after the teahouse that Sōeki (Sen no Rikyū) built for Hideyoshi at Jurakudai; its shoin-style main room is distinguished by a two-tatami alcove (tokonoma). Records tell that it burned down together with the neighboring Daiji-ji temple to the west in the great fire of Kyōhō 14 (1729, Year of the Rooster), though when it was rebuilt remains unknown.
In the three-tatami entrance hall, two boar paintings on sliding doors by Kawaguchi Getsurei — said to have originally been within Morioka Castle (of Nanbu origin) — stand out strikingly.
After the Meiji Restoration it passed to Kanoya Shōbei of Noheji and became a villa; for a time the Hino family of Hachiman rented it as a restaurant. Later, in the early Shōwa era, ownership moved to Yamaguchi Sōju, head of the Iwate branch of the Urasenke Tankōkai; during the war it served as a dormitory for the Iwate Women's Normal School, and today it is the residence of the Yamaguchi family.
The garden was designated a municipal protected garden on November 25, 1972 (Shōwa 47).
(Note 1) A later survey gives the current site area as 2,265.20 ㎡ (approx. 686 tsubo).

玄関
写真右:玄関(奥に猪の板襖絵が見える) / Right: the entrance, with the boar door-paintings visible beyond.

Chapter 02

景観的考察A Study of the Setting

The Roubaiin teahouse and garden lie among the lower cluster of temples in the Daiji-ji-machi district, between the celebrated Daiji-ji and Eisen-ji. Approaching from Minami-Ōdōri along the long wall of Daiji-ji, the view opens, with the schoolyard of Daiji Elementary School on the right. Across the road from this schoolyard, where the Daiji-ji wall ends, is the entrance to Roubaiin. The opening is narrow — about one ken wide — and a long wall of Ōya stone runs on; within it lies Roubaiin. The teahouse stands on a rise inside the garden, but set well back and screened by dense trees, its white walls can be glimpsed through the branches from the road yet easily missed. What registers from the road as the scenery of Roubaiin is the Ōya-stone wall to the south, the stone retaining wall and bamboo fence to the east, and the trees within. Together with the moats and towering trees of Daiji-ji and Eisen-ji, these walls, fences and trees compose a quiet, solemn setting.
The entrance to Roubaiin is a gently rising stone stairway lined with plantings; partway up stands a granite gate, and passing through and climbing a little further, the entrance of the shoin-style teahouse appears on the right. A little before it, also on the right, is a break in the bamboo fence, and one enters the garden here. It is a sunken (chinshō) garden that skillfully uses the sloping ground — low to the south, with the teahouse on higher ground to the north. On the left is the small (koma) teahouse, joined in an L-shape to the shoin-style teahouse facing front.
The koma teahouse is a very small building, its interior only three tatami, with low eaves; bamboo is used for the ridge beam, rafters and roof boarding, and with shitomido shutters and a nijiri-guchi crawl-in entrance to the south, it is every inch a teahouse.
The shoin-style teahouse is a large building, gabled to the south with high eaves and entirely white-walled. Though raised on a high floor, even the underfloor is not open but faced in white plaster; and as its openings are fully glazed with glass doors backed at once by paper shōji, these too are white. The whole wall surface, in other words, is white — and beautiful. A wet veranda runs along part, and stepping stones lead from the front to the nijiri-guchi of the koma teahouse. Near the junction of the two teahouses stands a literal old plum tree (rōbai). With large trees and a stone water basin as well, it forms a quiet, tranquil teahouse scene amid the light.

書院茶室(残月)と庭
写真左:書院茶室(残月)/右:残月から見た庭 / Left: the shoin teahouse (Zangetsu); Right: the garden seen from Zangetsu.
付書院と小間茶室
写真左:付書院/右:小間茶室 / Left: the tsuke-shoin; Right: the koma teahouse.

Chapter 03

建築物の特徴Features of the Architecture

The teahouse is made up of two parts: a shoin-style teahouse and a koma (small) teahouse. In appearance, the koma teahouse reads as a teahouse from its gable and eaves; its ridge beam and rafters are of bamboo, and thin bamboo is laid where the roof boarding would be, though the roofing has since been repaired in single-sheet metal (ichimonji-buki), and its original material is uncertain. Said to have been built later than the shoin teahouse, its outer walls and fittings are considerably worn.
The shoin has deep projecting eaves, its roof showing finished rafters and dressed komai boards exposed — free of decay or grime, and looking newer than the koma teahouse; one senses its construction date differs from the shoin main house. Before the wide veranda runs a partial wet veranda, with a water-basin stone before it. As an exterior, the koma teahouse holds the greater charm.
Passing before Daiji-ji and through the granite gate, one crosses the "toe-rising" (tsumasaki-agari) front garden made by the late Yamaguchi Sōju to reach the entrance. The entrance is 4.5 tatami; it is said the late owner, sure that what had served as a storeroom must once have been an entrance, restored it. It is plainly newer than the main house.
Stepping up from the shikidai into the three-tatami room, there are sliding wooden fusuma painted with boar, said to have been received from the Nanbu family. Opening them leads to the shoin's wide veranda (one ken deep). On the garden side are double fittings of glass doors and paper shōji; in older days there seem to have been wooden lattices rather than glass.
The shoin-style teahouse is eight tatami, with a two-tatami tokonoma and two-tatami annex on its east side, a paper-shōji window and a tsuke-shoin (with floor cabinet and ranma transom). It is said to be modeled after the Zangetsu-tei of Jurakudai that Sen no Rikyū built for Hideyoshi. The adjoining room to the west is four tatami, used as a mizuya. Both have cedar saobuchi (bar-batten) ceilings; the walls are sand plaster, part finished in paper. Only the ceiling above the two-tatami space before the tsuke-shoin is a sloped ceiling.
Entering the three-tatami of the entrance and opening the fusuma on the right leads to the corridor of the koma teahouse. A mizuya sits in one corner of the corridor, with a storeroom behind. The corridor ceiling is a funazoko (boat-bottom) ceiling, its walls plastered. Opening the fusuma at the corridor's end leads into the four-tatami next room, which serves as passage, kitchen entrance and guests' waiting room; a built-in tea-utensil cabinet with tenbukuro, jibukuro and shelves is recessed here.
Opening the single sliding fusuma (chadō-guchi) reveals a teahouse of three-tatami space. As a teahouse it is two tatami with a tokonoma; near the chadō-guchi is a one-tatami temae-za (host's seat). At the teahouse boundary a low wall descends, with a grooved (sliding) fitting and a half-ken grooveless doorway — both low in clearance and height, so that ordinary upright movement is precarious and one must stoop. The temae-za ceiling is saobuchi with paulownia boards; the two-tatami ceiling is likewise but boarded in cedar. On the south of the two-tatami space is a nijiri-guchi, above which a shitomido shutter is set.

『歴史的建造物調査報告書:総集編18.老梅院茶室』(昭和54年:盛岡市市民生活部環境保全課)より抜粋
資料提供:盛岡市環境部環境企画課
Excerpted from "Survey Report on Historic Structures: Compilation Vol. 18 — Roubaiin Teahouse" (1979, Morioka City Citizens' Living Dept., Environmental Preservation Div.). Materials courtesy of the Morioka City Environment Dept., Environmental Planning Div.

老梅院茶室 内観
老梅院茶室 / Interior detail, Roubaiin Teahouse.